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Communications of the ACM
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Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
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EACL '93 Proceedings of the sixth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Verbs semantics and lexical selection
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ACL-44 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Semantic similarity applied to spoken dialogue summarization
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
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CLS '04 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on Computational Lexical Semantics
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AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
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NAACL-Short '07 Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Companion Volume, Short Papers
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AAAI'08 Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Computing semantic relatedness using Wikipedia-based explicit semantic analysis
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in a taxonomy
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
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IJCAI'03 Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
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LD '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Linguistic Distances
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CICLing'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing
Using the structure of a conceptual network in computing semantic relatedness
IJCNLP'05 Proceedings of the Second international joint conference on Natural Language Processing
IceTAL'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in natural language processing
A word at a time: computing word relatedness using temporal semantic analysis
Proceedings of the 20th international conference on World wide web
The smart, the intelligent and the wise: roles and values of interactive technologies
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent Interactive Technologies and Multimedia
Using properties to compare both words and clauses
KES-AMSTA'11 Proceedings of the 5th KES international conference on Agent and multi-agent systems: technologies and applications
Gauging the internet doctor: ranking medical claims based on community knowledge
Proceedings of the 2011 workshop on Data mining for medicine and healthcare
Harnessing different knowledge sources to measure semantic relatedness under a uniform model
EMNLP '11 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Semantic processing of database textual attributes using wikipedia
FQAS'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics
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Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Explanatory semantic relatedness and explicit spatialization for exploratory search
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
JIST'11 Proceedings of the 2011 joint international conference on The Semantic Web
Measuring contextual fitness using error contexts extracted from the Wikipedia revision history
EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
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Information Sciences: an International Journal
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EuroVis'11 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
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ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Trends and Topics in Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Language Resources and Evaluation
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In this article, we present a comprehensive study aimed at computing semantic relatedness of word pairs. We analyze the performance of a large number of semantic relatedness measures proposed in the literature with respect to different experimental conditions, such as (i) the datasets employed, (ii) the language (English or German), (iii) the underlying knowledge source, and (iv) the evaluation task (computing scores of semantic relatedness, ranking word pairs, solving word choice problems). To our knowledge, this study is the first to systematically analyze semantic relatedness on a large number of datasets with different properties, while emphasizing the role of the knowledge source compiled either by the ‘wisdom of linguists’ (i.e., classical wordnets) or by the ‘wisdom of crowds’ (i.e., collaboratively constructed knowledge sources like Wikipedia). The article discusses benefits and drawbacks of different approaches to evaluating semantic relatedness. We show that results should be interpreted carefully to evaluate particular aspects of semantic relatedness. For the first time, we employ a vector based measure of semantic relatedness, relying on a concept space built from documents, to the first paragraph of Wikipedia articles, to English WordNet glosses, and to GermaNet based pseudo glosses. Contrary to previous research (Strube and Ponzetto 2006; Gabrilovich and Markovitch 2007; Zesch et al. 2007), we find that ‘wisdom of crowds’ based resources are not superior to ‘wisdom of linguists’ based resources. We also find that using the first paragraph of a Wikipedia article as opposed to the whole article leads to better precision, but decreases recall. Finally, we present two systems that were developed to aid the experiments presented herein and are freely available 1 for research purposes: (i) DEXTRACT, a software to semi-automatically construct corpus-driven semantic relatedness datasets, and (ii) JWPL, a Java-based high-performance Wikipedia Application Programming Interface (API) for building natural language processing (NLP) applications.