Artificial Intelligence
Building expert systems
The blackboard model of problem solving
AI Magazine
Annual review of computer science vol. 1, 1986
Distributed Artificial Intelligence
Distributed Artificial Intelligence
Design at work
Artificial Intelligence
Second generation expert systems
Second generation expert systems
Generic tasks and task structures: history, critique and new directions
Second generation expert systems
The conceptual nature of knowledge, situations, and activity
Expertise in context
Brahms: simulating practice for work systems design
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Conceptual Coordination: How the Mind Orders Experience in Time
Conceptual Coordination: How the Mind Orders Experience in Time
Cognitive Work Analysis: Towards Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work
Cognitive Work Analysis: Towards Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work
Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations
Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations
Artificial Societies: The Computer Simulation of Social Life
Artificial Societies: The Computer Simulation of Social Life
Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems
Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems
Viewing Knowledge Bases as Qualitative Models
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Using the System-Model-Operator Metaphor for Knowledge Acquisition
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
CommonKADS: A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
The use of production systems in RITA to construct personal computer "agents"
ACM SIGART Bulletin
Human Problem Solving
The Design of Efficient Ground Software Tools
SMC-IT '06 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology
Beautiful Evidence
Modeling and Simulation for Mission Operations Work System Design
Journal of Management Information Systems
On "Technomethodologyn";: foundational relationships between ethnomethodology and system design
Human-Computer Interaction
Towards On-Line Services Based on a Holistic Analysis of Human Activities
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Towards the Learning Grid: Advances in Human Learning Services
NEOMYCIN: reconfiguring a rule-based expert system for application to teaching
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition
The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition
Roles for agent assistants in field science: understanding personal projects and collaboration
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Simulating activities: Relating motives, deliberation, and attentive coordination
Cognitive Systems Research
Software-engineering challenges of building and deploying reusable problem solvers
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
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During the 1980s, a community of artificial intelligence researchers became interested in formalizing problem solving methods (PSMs) as part of an effort called “second-generation expert systems.” We provide an example of how we are applying second-generation expert systems concepts in an agent-based system for space flight operations, the orbital communications adapter mirroring system (OCAMS), which was developed in the Brahms multiagent framework. Brahms modeling language provides an ontology for simulating work practices, including groups, agents, activities, communications, movements, and geographic areas. Activities are a behavioral unit of analysis to be contrasted with tasks, a functional unit of analysis. Problem solving occurs in the context of activities in the service of tasks; appropriate PSMs depend on the context: which people/roles are participating, what tools are available, how the results will be evaluated, and so forth. A work practice simulation facilitates designing workflow tools that appropriately interact with the physical and organizational context in which work occurs. OCAMS was developed using a simulation-to-implementation methodology, in which a prototype workflow tool was embedded in a Brahms simulation of how people would use the tool. The reusable components in a workflow system like OCAMS include entire “problem solvers” (e.g., a planning subsystem), interoperability frameworks, and agents that inspect and change the world. Thus, a tool kit for building workflow tools requires more than a library of PSMs, which play a relatively small role in the overall multiagent, systems-integration architecture. Our research concern has shifted to situations that may arise that are outside the OCAMS' capability. In practical decision making, people must reflect on the validity of their models. As programs becoming actors in the workplace, we need to develop systems that help people to understand the limitations of the models that drive the automated operations, which means in part detecting when the formalizations in the system are inadequate.