Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust”
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Grid Coverage for Surveillance and Target Location in Distributed Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Wireless sensor networks
Deploying sensor networks with guaranteed capacity and fault tolerance
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
MOTE-VIEW: a sensor network monitoring and management tool
EmNets '05 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors
Relay sensor placement in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Networks
Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Computational complexity of relay placement in sensor networks
SOFSEM'06 Proceedings of the 32nd conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science
On energy provisioning and relay node placement for wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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This paper considers a two-tier hierarchical heterogeneous wireless sensor network using the concept of clustering. The network has two type of nodes: regular sensor nodes (litenodes or LN) with limited communications, storage, energy, and computation power; and high-end sophisticated nodes (SNs), or clusterheads, with significantly additional resources. The litenodes communicate their data to the SNs and the SNs forward all collected data to a central gateway node called the base station (BS). Our network architecture allows the LNs to reach a SN via multiple hops through other LNs. We investigate the problem of optimally placing a minimum number of sophisticated nodes to handle the traffic generated by the lite nodes, while ensuring that the SNs form a connected network using their wireless links. This placement problem is formulated and solved as multi-constraint optimization problem using well known approaches: Binary Integer Linear Programming (BILP) approach, Greedy approach (GREEDY) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. It was found through simulations that BILP performed best for regular grid topologies, while GA performed better for random LN deployment. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters on the solution are also presented. The paper also proposes a HYBRID approach that uses the solutions provided by GREEDY and/or BILP as the initial solution to the GA. Using HYBRID, results comparable to original GA could be obtained in only 11.46% of the time required for the original GA.