Modified Quadratic Discriminant Functions and the Application to Chinese Character Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Adaptive Normalization of Handwritten Characters Using Global/Local Affine Transformation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Normalization techniques for handprinted numerals
Communications of the ACM
ICDAR '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Nonlinear Shape Normalization Methods for Gray-Scale Handwritten Character Recognition
ICDAR '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition: Alternatives to Nonlinear Normalization
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Online Recognition of Chinese Characters: The State-of-the-Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Handwritten Kanji Recognition with the LDA Method
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Global Shape Normalization for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition: A New Method
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Moment normalization of handprinted characters
IBM Journal of Research and Development
A genetic algorithm approach to Chinese handwriting normalization
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Normalization-Cooperated Gradient Feature Extraction for Handwritten Character Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by critical region analysis
Pattern Recognition
Handwritten Chinese character recognition: effects of shape normalization and feature extraction
SACH'06 Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Arabic and Chinese handwriting recognition
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Maxi-Min discriminant analysis via online learning
Neural Networks
Pattern Recognition Letters
Keyword spotting in unconstrained handwritten Chinese documents using contextual word model
Image and Vision Computing
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The nonlinear normalization (NLN) method based on line density equalization is popularly used in handwritten Chinese character recognition. To overcome the insufficient shape restoration capability of one-dimensional NLN, a pseudo two-dimensional NLN (P2DNLN) method has been proposed and has yielded higher recognition accuracy. The P2DNLN method, however, is very computationally expensive because of the line density blurring of each row/column. In this paper, we propose a new pseudo 2D normalization method using line density projection interpolation (LDPI), which partitions the line density map into soft strips and generate 2D coordinate mapping function by interpolating the 1D coordinate functions that are obtained by equalizing the line density projections of these strips. The LDPI method adds little computational overhead to one-dimensional NLN yet performs comparably well with P2DNLN. We also apply this strategy to extending other normalization methods, including line density projection fitting, centroid-boundary alignment, moment, and bi-moment methods. The latter three methods are directly based on character image instead of line density map. Their 2D extensions provide real-time computation and high recognition accuracy, and are potentially applicable to gray-scale images and online trajectories.