Bit Encryption Is Complete

  • Authors:
  • Steven Myers;Abhi Shelat

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-

  • Venue:
  • FOCS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 50th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2009

Quantified Score

Hi-index 0.00

Visualization

Abstract

Under CPA and CCA1 attacks, a secure bit encryption scheme can be applied bit-by-bit to construct a secure many-bit encryption scheme. The same construction fails, however, under a CCA2 attack. In fact, since the notion of CCA2 security was introduced by Rackoff and Simon~\cite{RackoffSi92}, it has been an open question to determine whether single bit CCA2 secure encryption implies the existence of many-bit CCA2 security. We positively resolve this long-standing question and establish that bit encryption is complete for CPA, CCA1, and CCA2 notions. Our construction is black-box, and thus requires novel techniques to avoid known impossibility results concerning trapdoor predicates~\cite{GMR}. To the best of our knowledge, our work is also the first example of a non-shielding reduction (introduced in~\cite{GMM07}) in the standard (i.e., not random-oracle) model.