Understanding music with AI: perspectives on music cognition
Understanding music with AI: perspectives on music cognition
Composing Music with Computers with Cdrom
Composing Music with Computers with Cdrom
Applied Intelligence
Zipf's Law, Music Classification, and Aesthetics
Computer Music Journal
Technical Section: On the development of evolutionary artificial artists
Computers and Graphics
Science of networks and music: a new approach on musical analysis and creation
EuroGP'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
EuroGP'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Developing fitness functions for pleasant music: zipf's law and interactive evolution systems
EC'05 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Fitness in evolutionary art and music: what has been used and what could be used?
EvoMUSART'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design
Fractals, fuzzy logic and expert systems to assist in the construction of musical pieces
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Computer-assisted creativity: Emulation of cognitive processes on a multi-agent system
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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A study on a 220-piece corpus (baroque, classical, romantic, 12-tone, jazz, rock, DNA strings, and random music) reveals that aesthetically pleasing music may be describable under the Zipf-Mandelbrot law. Various Zipf-based metrics have been developed and evaluated. Some focus on music-theoretic attributes such as pitch, pitch and duration, melodic intervals, and harmonic intervals. Others focus on higher-order attributes and fractal aspects of musical balance. Zipf distributions across certain dimensions appear to be a necessary, but not sufficient condition for pleasant music. Statistical analyses suggest that combinations of Zipf-based metrics might be used to identify genre and/or composer. This is supported by a preliminary experiment with a neural network classifier. We describe an evolutionary music framework under development, which utilizes Zipf-based metrics as fitness functions.