Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Non-Contact Eye Gaze Tracking System by Mapping of Corneal Reflections
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A study on eye gaze estimation method based on cornea model of human eye
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Fake iris detection by using purkinje image
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
A novel approach to 3-D gaze tracking using stereo cameras
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A robust gaze detection method by compensating for facial movements based on corneal specularities
Pattern Recognition Letters
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In this paper, we propose a new face and eye gaze tracking method that works by attaching gaze tracking devices to stereoscopic shutter glasses. This paper presents six advantages over previous works. First, through using the proposed method with stereoscopic VR systems, users feel more immersed and comfortable. Second, by capturing reflected eye images with a hot mirror, we were able to increase eye gaze accuracy in a vertical direction. Third, by attaching the infrared passing filter and using an IR illuminator, we were able to obtain robust gaze tracking performance irrespective of environmental lighting conditions. Fourth, we used a simple 2D-based eye gaze estimation method based on the detected pupil center and the 'geometric transform' process. Fifth, to prevent gaze positions from being unintentionally moved by natural eye blinking, we discriminated between different kinds of eye blinking by measuring pupil sizes. This information was also used for button clicking or mode toggling. Sixth, the final gaze position was calculated by the vector summation of face and eye gaze positions and allowing for natural face and eye movements. Experimental results showed that the face and eye gaze estimation error was less than one degree.