Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions
COLT' 98 Proceedings of the eleventh annual conference on Computational learning theory
Boxlets: a fast convolution algorithm for signal processing and neural networks
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Qualitative Representations for Recognition
BMCV '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision
Summed-area tables for texture mapping
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Feature-centric evaluation for efficient cascaded object detection
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Face recognition using ordinal features
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Heterogeneous Face Recognition from Local Structures of Normalized Appearance
ICB '09 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics
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In this paper, we propose a novel appearance-based representation, called Structured Ordinal Feature (SOF). SOF is a binary string encoded by combining eight ordinal blocks in a circle symmetrically. SOF is invariant to linear transformations on images and is flexible enough to represent different local structures of different complexity. We further extend SOF to Multi-scale Structured Ordinal Feature (MSOF) by concatenating binary strings of multi-scale SOFs at a fix position. In this way, MSOF encodes not only microstructure but also macrostructure of image patterns, thus provides a more powerful image representation. We also present an efficient algorithm for computing MSOF using integral images. Based on MSOF, statistical analysis and learning are performed to select most effective features and construct classifiers. The proposed method is evaluated with face recognition experiments, in which we achieve a high rank-1 recognition rate of 98.24% on FERET database.