Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
EigenTracking: Robust Matching and Tracking of Articulated Objects Using a View-Based Representation
International Journal of Computer Vision
Efficient Region Tracking With Parametric Models of Geometry and Illumination
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond
Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Learning to Track: Conceptual Manifold Map for Closed-Form Tracking
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Direct Method for Modeling Non-Rigid Motion with Thin Plate Spline
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A novel convergence acheme for active appearance models
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Facial expression analysis using nonlinear decomposable generative models
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
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We present a framework for tracking large facial deformations using nonlinear dynamic shape and appearance model based upon local motion estimation. Local facial deformation estimation based on a given single template fails to track large facial deformations due to significant appearance variations. A nonlinear generative model that uses low dimensional manifold representation provides adaptive facial appearance templates depending upon the movement of the facial motion state and the expression type. The proposed model provides a generative model for Bayesian tracking of facial motions using particle filtering with simultaneous estimation of the expression type. We estimate the geometric transformation and the global deformation using the generative model. The appearance templates from the global model then estimate local deformation based on thin-plate spline parameters.