Design exemplars for synchronous e-learning: A design theory approach

  • Authors:

  • Stefan Hrastinski;Christina Keller;Sven A. Carlsson

  • Affiliations:

  • KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Media Technology, Lindstedtsv. 3, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden and Uppsala University, Department of Informatics and Media, PO Box 513, SE-751 20, ...;Uppsala University, Department of Informatics and Media, PO Box 513, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden and Jönköping International Business School, Department of Informatics, Box 1026, SE-551 1 ...;Lund University, School of Economics and Management, Informatics, Ole Römers väg 6, SE-223 63, Lund, Sweden

  • Venue:
  • Computers & Education
  • Year:
  • 2010

Quantified Score

Hi-index 0.00

Visualization

Abstract

Synchronous e-learning has received much less research attention, as compared with asynchronous e-learning. Practitioners that consider using and designing synchronous e-learning are in urgent need of guidance. In order to address this need, we propose design exemplars for synchronous e-learning. They are directed towards a primary constituent community of teachers, administrators, managers and developers of e-learning. The exemplars have been theoretically as well as empirically grounded through cross-case analyses of studies conducted between 2003 and 2006. Moreover, the exemplars have been evaluated by conducting focus group sessions with experienced practitioners having experience of using and developing e-learning. Strong support was identified for each design exemplar. The exemplars can be used as research hypotheses and be tested in future design research.