The spatial semantic hierarchy
Artificial Intelligence
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
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This paper proposes a cognitive representation and Bayesian model for spatial relations among objects that can be constructed with perception data acquired by a single consumer-grade camera. We first suggest a cognitive representation to be shared by humans and robots consisting of perceived objects and their spatial relations. We then develop Bayesian models to support our cognitive representation with which the location of a robot can be estimated sufficiently well to allow the robot to navigate in an indoor environment. Based on extensive localization experiments in an indoor environment, we show that our cognitive representation is valid in the sense that the localization accuracy improves whenever new objects and their spatial relations are detected and instantiated.