Computer-mediated communication, de-individuation and group decision-making
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Contexts of uninhibited online behavior: flaming in social newsgroups on Usenet
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Flaming among first-time group support system users
Information and Management
Flaming in electronic communication
Decision Support Systems
Exploring social dynamics in online media sharing
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Review: The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review
Computers in Human Behavior
Human-Computer Interaction
Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition
Computers in Human Behavior
What can we learn from advertisements of logistics firms on YouTube? A cross cultural perspective
Computers in Human Behavior
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In this explorative study, flaming on YouTube was studied using surveys of YouTube users. Flaming is defined as displaying hostility by insulting, swearing or using otherwise offensive language. Three general conclusions were drawn. First, although many users said that they themselves do not flame, flaming appears to be very common on YouTube. Second, views on flaming varied but were more often negative than positive. Some people refrain from uploading videos as a result of flaming, but most users do not think of flaming as a problem for themselves. Third, several explanations of flaming were found to be plausible, among which were perceived flaming norms and the reduced awareness of other people's feelings. Although some YouTube users flame for entertainment, flaming is more often intended to express disagreement or as a response to a perceived offense by others.