Boxer: a reconstructible computational medium
Communications of the ACM
Cognitive processes in program comprehension
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
Mental models and software maintenance
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
Beacons in computer program comprehension
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The initial stage of program comprehension
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Programming by example: intelligence in demonstrational interfaces
Communications of the ACM
Hypothesis-Driven Understanding Processes During Corrective Maintenance of Large Scale Software
ICSM '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance
Individual Differences in Program Comprehension Strategies in Unfamiliar Programming Systems
IWPC '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension
Navigation and Comprehension of Programs by Novice Programmers
IWPC '01 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Program Comprehension
Designing the whyline: a debugging interface for asking questions about program behavior
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
C5 '04 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing
How Effective Developers Investigate Source Code: An Exploratory Study
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Supporting end-user debugging: what do users want to know?
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Graphic designers who program as informal computer science learners
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research
Using Sex Differences to Link Spatial Cognition and Program Comprehension
ICSM '06 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
Making mashups with marmite: towards end-user programming for the web
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Storytelling alice motivates middle school girls to learn computer programming
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
FEATURE: Empowering kids to create and share programmable media
interactions - Pencils before pixels: a primer in hand-generated sketching
Testing vs. code inspection vs. what else?: male and female end users' debugging strategies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using information scent to model the dynamic foraging behavior of programmers in maintenance tasks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CoScripter: automating & sharing how-to knowledge in the enterprise
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Debugging: an analysis of bug-location strategies
Human-Computer Interaction
Finding causes of program output with the Java Whyline
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two studies of opportunistic programming: interleaving web foraging, learning, and writing code
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A code reuse interface for non-programmer middle school students
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Interactive, visual fault localization support for end-user programmers
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Reactive information foraging for evolving goals
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A strategy-centric approach to the design of end-user debugging tools
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward transforming freely available source code into usable learning materials for end-users
Evaluation and Usability of Programming Languages and Tools
Dinah: an interface to assist non-programmers with selecting program code causing graphical output
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Personifying programming tool feedback improves novice programmers' learning
Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Computing education research
Designing a community to support long-term interest in programming for middle school children
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
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Source code on the web is a widely available and potentially rich learning resource for non-programmers. However, unfamiliar code can be daunting to end-users without programming experience. This paper describes the results of an exploratory study in which we asked non-programmers to find and modify the code responsible for specific functionality within unfamiliar programs. We present two interacting models of how non-programmers approach this problem: the Task Process Model and the Landmark-Mapping model. Using these models, we describe code search strategies non-programmers employed and the barriers they encountered. Finally, we propose guidelines for future programming environments that support non-programmers in finding functionality in unfamiliar programs.