Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Analysis of Rotational Robustness of Hand Detection with a Viola-Jones Detector
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Automatic 2D Hand Tracking in Video Sequences
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Turn-Intent Analysis Using Body Pose for Intelligent Driver Assistance
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Multi-spectral and multi-perspective video arrays for driver body tracking and activity analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Robust Object Recognition with Cortex-Like Mechanisms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the roles of eye gaze and head dynamics in predicting driver's intent to change lanes
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Looking-In and Looking-Out of a Vehicle: Computer-Vision-Based Enhanced Vehicle Safety
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Modeling and prediction of driver behavior by foot gesture analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A hybrid motion and appearance prediction model for robust visual object tracking
Pattern Recognition Letters
Hand gesture-based visual user interface for infotainment
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Recognition of driving postures by multiwavelet transform and multilayer perceptron classifier
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Muscle computer interfaces for driver distraction reduction
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
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We present a novel real-time computer-vision system that robustly discriminates which of the front-row seat occupants is accessing the infotainment controls. The knowledge of who is the user--that is, driver, passenger, or no one--can alleviate driver distraction and maximize the passenger infotainment experience. The system captures visible and near-infrared images of the frontrow seat area in the vehicle. The algorithm uses a modified histogram-of-oriented-gradients feature descriptor to represent the image area over the infotainment controls and a support vector machine (SVM) and median filtering over time to classify each image to one of the three classes with 97.9% average correct classification rate. This rate was achieved over a wide range of illumination conditions, human subjects, and times of day. With an offset of 5 pixels in any direction, the rate could still be maintained at better than 85%. This approach represents an alternative to detecting and tracking the hand movements and then classifying the hands into the respective classes. This approach demonstrates the ability to achieve good classification rates, despite the presence of vast illumination changes of the vehicle environment.