Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases
VLDB '94 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Capturing, indexing, clustering, and retrieving system history
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Sympathy for the sensor network debugger
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Marionette: using RPC for interactive development and debugging of wireless embedded networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Avrora: scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Interface contracts for TinyOS
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Harbor: software-based memory protection for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
NodeMD: diagnosing node-level faults in remote wireless sensor systems
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Magpie: online modelling and performance-aware systems
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
Pip: detecting the unexpected in distributed systems
NSDI'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 3
Measuring and characterizing system behavior using kernel-level event logging
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The design and implementation of a declarative sensor network system
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Clairvoyant: a comprehensive source-level debugger for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
LiveNet: Using Passive Monitoring to Reconstruct Sensor Network Dynamics
DCOSS '08 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
Dustminer: troubleshooting interactive complexity bugs in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
SNTS: sensor network troubleshooting suite
DCOSS'07 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Distributed computing in sensor systems
Optimizing Bandwidth of Call Traces for Wireless Embedded Systems
IEEE Embedded Systems Letters
Efficient diagnostic tracing for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Prius: generic hybrid trace compression for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
FlockLab: a testbed for distributed, synchronized tracing and profiling of wireless embedded systems
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Diagnostic tracing for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Detailed diagnostic data is a prerequisite for debugging problems and understanding runtime performance in distributed wireless embedded systems. Severe bandwidth limitations, tight timing constraints, and limited program text space hinder the application of standard diagnostic tools within this domain. This work introduces the Log Instrumentation Specification (LIS), which provides a high level logging interface to developers and is able to create extremely compact diagnostic logs. LIS uses a token scoping technique to aggressively compact identifiers that are packed into bit aligned log buffers. LIS is evaluated in the context of recording call traces within a network of wireless sensor nodes. Our evaluation shows that logs generated using LIS require less than 50% of the bandwidth utilized by alternate logging mechanisms. Through microbench-marking of a complete LIS implementation for the TinyOS operating system, we demonstrate that LIS can comfortably fit onto low-end embedded systems. By significantly reducing log bandwidth, LIS enables extraction of a more complete picture of runtime behavior from distributed wireless embedded systems.