Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
The M5 Simulator: Modeling Networked Systems
IEEE Micro
FlashCache: a NAND flash memory file cache for low power web servers
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
On efficient wear leveling for large-scale flash-memory storage systems
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Improving NAND Flash Based Disk Caches
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Overview of candidate device technologies for storage-class memory
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference
Write activity reduction on non-volatile main memories for embedded chip multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Energy-efficient and high-performance software architecture for storage class memory
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Integrated 3D-stacked server designs for increasing physical density of key-value stores
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Last block logging mechanism for improving performance and lifetime on SCM-based file system
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Adaptive wear-leveling algorithm for PRAM main memory with a DRAM buffer
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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Recent breakthroughs in circuit and process technology have enabled new usage models for non-volatile memory technologies such as Flash and phase change RAM (PCRAM) in the general purpose computing environment. These technologies display high density and low power consumption as well as persistency that are appealing properties in a memory device. This paper summarizes our earlier work on improving NAND Flash based disk caches and extends it to consider PCRAM. We first present the primary challenges in reliably managing non-volatile memories such as NAND Flash, reviewing our past work on architectural support for Flash manageability. We then provide a preliminary analysis of how our current Flash manageability architecture may be simplified when we replace Flash with PCRAM. Our evaluations on PCRAM shows a potential for more than a 65% throughput improvement for a disk-intensive database workload. Although more detailed studies are needed, we conclude that PCRAM is a strong contender to replace Flash if it becomes cost-effective.