Haptic rendering: programming touch interaction with virtual objects
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Improving Contact Realism through Event-Based Haptic Feedback
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Perception of Delayed Stiffness
International Journal of Robotics Research
Improving perceived hardness of haptic rendering via stiffness shifting: an initial study
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Haptic augmented reality: Taxonomy and an example of stiffness modulation
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Cues for Haptic Perception of Compliance
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Real stiffness augmentation for haptic augmented reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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This paper presents a measure for assessing the perceived hardness of a haptic surface based on associated physical variables. This metric, named extended rate-hardness (ERH), is extended from rate-hardness originally proposed by Lawrence et al. in order to cover a larger class of rendering algorithms and applications. We also performed a psychophysical evaluation using absolute magnitude estimation to quantify the extent to which the ERH can account for perceived hardness. The findings have implications to developing haptic interfaces and rendering algorithms with improved perceptual hardness.