Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference: The Dendral Project
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference: The Dendral Project
A Scalable Approach to Evolvable Hardware
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Evolving neural networks through augmenting topologies
Evolutionary Computation
Dynamic Models in Biology
Bottom-up design of Class 2 silicon nerve membrane
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology - VIII Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks
Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence: Theories, Methods, and Technologies
Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence: Theories, Methods, and Technologies
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
A graph grammar based approach to automated multi-objective analog circuit design
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Automated synthesis of analog electrical circuits by means ofgenetic programming
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Analog Genetic Encoding for the Evolution of Circuits and Networks
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Ion channel modeling with analog circuit evolution
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Analog circuits have long been used to model the electrical properties of biological neurons. For example, the classic Hodgkin-Huxley model represents ion channels embedded in a neuron's cell membrane as a capacitor in parallel with batteries and resistors. However, to match the predictions of the model with their empirical electrophysiological data, Hodgkin and Huxley described the nonlinear resistors using a complex system of coupled differential equations, a celebrated feat that required exceptional creativity and insight. Here, we use evolutionary circuit design to emulate such leaps of human creativity and automatically construct equivalent circuits for neurons. Using only direct electrophysiological observations, the system evolved circuits out of basic electronic components that accurately simulate the behavior of sodium and potassium ion channels. This approach has the potential to serve both as a modeling tool to reverse engineer complex neurophysiological systems and as an assistant in the task of hand-designing neuromorphic circuits.