Combinatorial optimization problems in self-assembly
STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Morphological Image Analysis: Principles and Applications
Morphological Image Analysis: Principles and Applications
Morphologies of self-organizing swarms in 3D swarm chemistry
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Programming and evolving physical self-assembling systems in three dimensions
Natural Computing: an international journal
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Primarily top-down design methodologies have been used to create physical self-assembling systems. As the sophistication of these systems increases, it will be more challenging to deploy top-down design, due to self-assembly being an algorithmically NP-complete problem. Alternatively, we present a nature-inspired approach incorporating evolutionary computing, to couple bottom-up construction (self-assembly) with bottom-up design (evolution). We also present two experiments where evolved virtual component sets are fabricated using rapid prototyping and placed on the surface of an orbital shaking tray, their environment. The successful results demonstrate how this approach can be used for evolving physical self-assembling systems in two-dimensions.