Differential cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard
Differential cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard
Linear cryptanalysis method for DES cipher
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
The Interpolation Attack on Block Ciphers
FSE '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Cryptanalysis of Some Recently-Proposed Multiple Modes of Operation
FSE '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
FSE '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
On the Interpolation Attacks on Block Ciphers
FSE '00 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Design and Implementation of Low-Area and Low-Power AES Encryption Hardware Core
DSD '06 Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design
A Survey of Lightweight-Cryptography Implementations
IEEE Design & Test
Grain: a stream cipher for constrained environments
International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
On the Classification of 4 Bit S-Boxes
WAIFI '07 Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Arithmetic of Finite Fields
PRESENT: An Ultra-Lightweight Block Cipher
CHES '07 Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Ultra-Lightweight Implementations for Smart Devices --- Security for 1000 Gate Equivalents
CARDIS '08 Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
Cube Attacks on Tweakable Black Box Polynomials
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
KATAN and KTANTAN -- A Family of Small and Efficient Hardware-Oriented Block Ciphers
CHES '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
EUROCRYPT'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
SEA: a scalable encryption algorithm for small embedded applications
CARDIS'06 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
HIGHT: a new block cipher suitable for low-resource device
CHES'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
mCrypton – a lightweight block cipher for security of low-cost RFID tags and sensors
WISA'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Security Applications
FSE'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
Cryptanalysis of Hummingbird-1
FSE'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fast software encryption
A comparative study of hardware architectures for lightweight block ciphers
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Cryptographic analysis of all 4 × 4-bit s-boxes
SAC'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
KLEIN: a new family of lightweight block ciphers
RFIDSec'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy
The hummingbird-2 lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm
RFIDSec'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy
BUPLE: securing passive RFID communication through physical layer enhancements
RFIDSec'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on RFID Security and Privacy
On the security of hummingbird-2 against side channel cube attacks
WEWoRC'11 Proceedings of the 4th Western European conference on Research in Cryptology
Design space exploration of the lightweight stream cipher WG-8 for FPGAs and ASICs
Proceedings of the Workshop on Embedded Systems Security
Improbable differential attacks on Present using undisturbed bits
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
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Due to the tight cost and constrained resources of high-volume consumer devices such as RFID tags, smart cards and wireless sensor nodes, it is desirable to employ lightweight and specialized cryptographic primitives for many security applications. Motivated by the design of the well-known Enigma machine, we present a novel ultra-lightweight cryptographic algorithm, referred to as Hummingbird, for resource-constrained devices in this paper. Hummingbird can provide the designed security with small block size and is resistant to the most common attacks such as linear and differential cryptanalysis. Furthermore, we also present efficient software implementation of Hummingbird on the 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128L from Atmel and the 16-bit microcontroller MSP430 from Texas Instruments, respectively. Our experimental results show that after a system initialization phase Hummingbird can achieve up to 147 and 4.7 times faster throughput for a size-optimized and a speed-optimized implementations, respectively, when compared to the state-of-the-art ultra-lightweight block cipher PRESENT [10] on the similar platforms.