A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Scaling Theorems for Zero Crossings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Uniqueness of the Gaussian Kernel for Scale-Space Filtering
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Relaxation labelling algorithms-a review
Image and Vision Computing
Feature detection from local energy
Pattern Recognition Letters
Relaxation labelling and the entropy of neighbourhood information
Pattern Recognition Letters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extraction of diffuse edges by focusing
Pattern Recognition Letters
Statistical theory of edge detection
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Singularity Theory and Phantom Edges in Scale Space
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations
Journal of Computational Physics
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Behavior of Edges in Scale Space
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Trace Inference, Curvature Consistency, and Curve Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Edge Detection and Linear Feature Extraction Using a 2-D Random Field Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Context dependent edge detection and evaluation
Pattern Recognition
Scale-Space and Edge Detection Using Anisotropic Diffusion
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the classification of image features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Refining edges detected by a LoG operator
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Optimal Edge Detectors for Ramp Edges
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Adaptive Smoothing: A General Tool for Early Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On Optimal Infinite Impulse Response Edge Detection Filters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image selective smoothing and edge detection by nonlinear diffusion
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
Perceptual Organization for Scene Segmentation and Description
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Constrained Restoration and the Recovery of Discontinuities
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Nonlinear Image Filtering with Edge and Corner Enhancement
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Thinning Methodologies-A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Boundary Finding with Parametrically Deformable Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms
Proceedings of the eleventh annual international conference of the Center for Nonlinear Studies on Experimental mathematics : computational issues in nonlinear science: computational issues in nonlinear science
Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters
Pattern Recognition
Geometry-limited diffusion in the characterization of geometric patches in images
CVGIP: Image Understanding
International Journal of Computer Vision
International Journal of Computer Vision
Accuracy of the zero crossings of the second directional derivative as an edge detector
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing
Signal and image restoration using shock filters and anisotropic diffusion
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
Region-based strategies for active contour models
International Journal of Computer Vision
Dynamic threshold determination by local and global edge evaluation
Graphical Models and Image Processing
Dynamic Programming for Detecting, Tracking, and Matching Deformable Contours
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust and Efficient Detection of Salient Convex Groups
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Scale-Space Properties of the Multiscale Morphological Dilation-Erosion
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Gaussian scale-space paradigm and the multiscale local jet
International Journal of Computer Vision
Region Competition: Unifying Snakes, Region Growing, and Bayes/MDL for Multiband Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Inferring global perceptual contours from local features
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on computer vision research at the University of Southern California
International Journal of Computer Vision
An Edge Detection Technique Using the Facet Model and Parameterized Relaxation Labeling
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Edges: saliency measures and automatic thresholding
Machine Vision and Applications
SUSAN—A New Approach to Low Level Image Processing
International Journal of Computer Vision
Multi-Scale Blur Estimation and Edge Type Classification for Scene Analysis
International Journal of Computer Vision
Convergence of an Iterative Method for Total Variation Denoising
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
A Discrete Expression of Canny's Criteria for Step Edge Detector Performances Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Visual Method for Assessing the Relative Performance of Edge-Detection Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Regularization, Scale-Space, and Edge Detection Filters
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
A Generic Grouping Algorithm and Its Quantitative Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Local Scale Control for Edge Detection and Blur Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comparison of edge detectors: a methodology and initial study
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A neural model of contour integration in the primary visual cortex
Neural Computation
Scale-Space Derived From B-Splines
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Graphical Models and Image Processing
Edge Detection and Ridge Detection with Automatic Scale Selection
International Journal of Computer Vision
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Image Field Categorization and Edge/Corner Detection from Gradient Covariance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Perceptual organization in computer vision: status, challenges, and potential
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on perceptual organization in computer vision
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on perceptual organization in computer vision
A probabilistic method for extracting chains of collinear segments
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on perceptual organization in computer vision
Grouping ., -, →, 0 - , into regions, curves, and junctions
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on perceptual organization in computer vision
Perceptual organization of occluding contours of opaque surfaces
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on perceptual organization in computer vision
A Comparison of Measures for Detecting Natural Shapes in Cluttered Backgrounds
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on computer vision research at NEC Research Institute
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Biomedical active segmentation guided by edge saliency
Pattern Recognition Letters
Adaptive-Scale Filtering and Feature Detection Using Range Data
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Adaptive Contour Closure Algorithm and Its Experimental Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
International Journal of Computer Vision
Edge, Junction, and Corner Detection Using Color Distributions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Edge Detection with Embedded Confidence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Level set methods: an overview and some recent results
Journal of Computational Physics
Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Geometry-Driven Diffusion in Computer Vision
Geometry-Driven Diffusion in Computer Vision
Contour and Texture Analysis for Image Segmentation
International Journal of Computer Vision
Edge detector evaluation using empirical ROC curves
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on empirical evaluation of computer vision algorithms
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Geodesic Active Regions and Level Set Methods for Supervised Texture Segmentation
International Journal of Computer Vision
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Multiphase Level Set Framework for Image Segmentation Using the Mumford and Shah Model
International Journal of Computer Vision
Diffusion Snakes: Introducing Statistical Shape Knowledge into the Mumford-Shah Functional
International Journal of Computer Vision
Linear Scale-Space has First been Proposed in Japan
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
A Dynamic Scale–Space Paradigm
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
On Idempotence and Related Requirements in Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using Angular Dispersion of Gradient Direction for Detecting Edge Ribbons
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comparing Images Using the Hausdorff Distance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Finite-Element Methods for Active Contour Models and Balloons for 2-D and 3-D Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Modeling Edges at Subpixel Accuracy Using the Local Energy Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Color Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning Compatibility Coefficients for Relaxation Labeling Processes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Morphological Structure of Images: The Differential Equations of Morphological Scale-Space
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Extended Class of Scale-Invariant and Recursive Scale Space Filters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Robust Snake Implementation; A Dual Active Contour
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Statistical Edge Detection: Learning and Evaluating Edge Cues
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Variational Restoration and Edge Detection for Color Images
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
A Review of Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering
SCALE-SPACE '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
The Perceptual Organization of Texture Flow: A Contextual Inference Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Noncombinatorial Detection of Regular Repetitions under Perspective Skew
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Segmentation of Multiple Salient Closed Contours from Real Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Design Considerations for Generic Grouping in Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Finding Perceptually Closed Paths in Sketches and Drawings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic 3D Shape Reconstruction of Bones Using Active Nets Based Segmentation
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
A Method for Objective Edge Detection Evaluation and Detector Parameter Selection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Gradient Vector Flow Fast Geometric Active Contours
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning to Detect Natural Image Boundaries Using Local Brightness, Color, and Texture Cues
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the Axioms of Scale Space Theory
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
The Monogenic Scale-Space: A Unifying Approach to Phase-Based Image Processing in Scale-Space
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
On the Choice of Band-Pass Quadrature Filters
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
CPM: A Deformable Model for Shape Recovery and Segmentation Based on Charged Particles
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On combining graph-partitioning with non-parametric clustering for image segmentation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Robust Estimation of Adaptive Tensors of Curvature by Tensor Voting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A model of contextual interactions and contour detection in primary visual cortex
Neural Networks - 2004 Special issue Vision and brain
Salient Closed Boundary Extraction with Ratio Contour
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Dual Norms and Image Decomposition Models
International Journal of Computer Vision
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: In memoriam Azriel Rosenfeld
The Monogenic Scale Space on a Rectangular Domain and its Features
International Journal of Computer Vision
Scale-Invariant Contour Completion Using Conditional Random Fields
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
International Journal of Computer Vision
Detecting Bilateral Symmetry in Perspective
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Local or Global Minima: Flexible Dual-Front Active Contours
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Contour detection based on contextual influences
Image and Vision Computing
Skeleton Pruning by Contour Partitioning with Discrete Curve Evolution
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Laplacian Operator-Based Edge Detectors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Linear Programming Approach to Max-Sum Problem: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extraction of salient contours from cluttered scenes
Pattern Recognition
Texture-gradient-based contour detection
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
A biologically motivated multiresolution approach to contour detection
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Prior Knowledge, Level Set Representations & Visual Grouping
International Journal of Computer Vision
Probabilistic relaxation labelling using the Fokker-Planck equation
Pattern Recognition
α scale spaces on a bounded domain
Scale Space'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Scale space methods in computer vision
On the Foundations of Relaxation Labeling Processes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Step Edges from Zero Crossing of Second Directional Derivatives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
DSSCV'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Deep Structure, Singularities, and Computer Vision
A comparison of the deep structure of α-scale spaces
DSSCV'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Deep Structure, Singularities, and Computer Vision
Scale-Space'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Scale Space and PDE Methods in Computer Vision
LUM filters: a class of rank-order-based filters for smoothing andsharpening
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
B-spline signal processing. I. Theory
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
B-spline signal processing. II. Efficiency design and applications
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Shape recovery algorithms using level sets in 2-D/3-D medical imagery: a state-of-the-art review
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Vector order statistics operators as color edge detectors
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Edge detection in untextured and textured images-a common computational framework
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Bounded diffusion for multiscale edge detection using regularizedcubic B-spline fitting
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Comparison of edge detection algorithms using a structure frommotion task
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Convergence condition and efficient implementation of the fuzzy curve-tracing (FCT) algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
The wavelet transform, time-frequency localization and signal analysis
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Constructing free-energy approximations and generalized belief propagation algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A new class of upper bounds on the log partition function
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
MAP estimation via agreement on trees: message-passing and linear programming
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Image segmentation with ratio cut
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A topology preserving level set method for geometric deformable models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic gradient threshold determination for edge detection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image recovery using the anisotropic diffusion equation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Anisotropic diffusion of multivalued images with applications to color filtering
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Local orientation analysis in images by means of the Hermite transform
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Color TV: total variation methods for restoration of vector-valued images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Snakes, shapes, and gradient vector flow
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Variational approach for edge-preserving regularization using coupled PDEs
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Fast, robust total variation-based reconstruction of noisy, blurred images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hybrid image segmentation using watersheds and fast region merging
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Finding shape axes using magnetic fields
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image representations using multiscale differential operators
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
The digital TV filter and nonlinear denoising
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Interpreting translation-invariant wavelet shrinkage as a new image smoothing scale space
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Angular map-driven snakes with application to object shape description in color images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Contour detection based on nonclassical receptive field inhibition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Fast and robust multiframe super resolution
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Unsupervised contour closure algorithm for range image edge-based segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Invariance properties of Gabor filter-based features-overview and applications
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A faster converging snake algorithm to locate object boundaries
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A morphological gradient approach to color edge detection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Iterative Regularization and Nonlinear Inverse Scale Space Applied to Wavelet-Based Denoising
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Global Regularizing Flows With Topology Preservation for Active Contours and Polygons
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Artistic Edge and Corner Enhancing Smoothing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Active contour model with gradient directional information: directional snake
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Computational-geometry approach to digital image contour extraction
Transactions on computational science XIII
3D fast spatial filtering method
International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics
Archaeological trace extraction by a local directional active contour approach
Pattern Recognition
Genetic programming for edge detection using blocks to extract features
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Quantitative error measures for edge detection
Pattern Recognition
Multi-frequency transformation for edge detection
Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand
Accurate subpixel edge location based on partial area effect
Image and Vision Computing
Automatic construction of invariant features using genetic programming for edge detection
AI'12 Proceedings of the 25th Australasian joint conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Figure of merit based fitness functions in genetic programming for edge detection
SEAL'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
Genetic programming for automatic construction of variant features in edge detection
EvoApplications'13 Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation
Automatic construction of gaussian-based edge detectors using genetic programming
EvoApplications'13 Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation
Multiscale edge detection based on Gaussian smoothing and edge tracking
Knowledge-Based Systems
Genetic programming for edge detection using multivariate density
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A Swarm Intelligence inspired algorithm for contour detection in images
Applied Soft Computing
On the impact of anisotropic diffusion on edge detection
Pattern Recognition
A Mathematical Model of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Its Applications in Image Representation
Neural Processing Letters
Extended Topological Active Nets
Image and Vision Computing
Two-dimensional multi-pixel anisotropic Gaussian filter for edge-line segment (ELS) detection
Image and Vision Computing
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We present an overview of various edge and line oriented approaches to contour detection that have been proposed in the last two decades. By edge and line oriented we mean methods that do not rely on segmentation. Distinction is made between edges and contours. Contour detectors are divided in local and global operators. The former are mainly based on differential analysis, statistical approaches, phase congruency, rank order filters, and combinations thereof. The latter include computation of contour saliency, perceptual grouping, relaxation labeling and active contours. Important aspects are covered, such as preprocessing aimed to suppress texture and noise, multiresolution techniques, connections between computational models and properties of the human visual system, and use of shape priors. An overview of procedures and metrics for quantitative performance evaluation is also presented. Our main conclusion is that contour detection has reached high degree of sophistication, taking into account multimodal contour definition (by luminance, color or texture changes), mechanisms for reducing the contour masking influence of noise and texture, perceptual grouping, multiscale aspects and high-level vision information.