Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Eye Center Localization Using Adaptive Templates
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
A Binary Tree for Probability Learning in Eye Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Regression and Classification Approaches to Eye Localization in Face Images
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
An Illumination Independent Eye Detection Algorithm
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 01
2D Cascaded AdaBoost for Eye Localization
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 02
Multi-view face and eye detection using discriminant features
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A generative framework for real time object detection and classification
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Recognizing visual focus of attention from head pose in natural meetings
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on human computing
Boosted online learning for face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Selective sampling for classification
Canadian AI'08 Proceedings of the Canadian Society for computational studies of intelligence, 21st conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Multiresolution feature detection using a family of isotropicbandpass filters
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A Novel Gaze Estimation System With One Calibration Point
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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Eye detection plays an important role in many practical applications. This paper presents a novel two-step scheme for eye detection. The first step models an eye by a newly defined visual-context pattern (VCP), and the second step applies semisupervised boosting for precise detection. VCP describes both the space and appearance relations between an eye region (region of eye) and a reference region (region of reference). The context feature of a VCP is extracted by using the integral image. Aiming to reduce the human labeling efforts, we apply semisupervised boosting, which integrates the context feature and the Haar-like features for precise eye detection. Experimental results on several standard face data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective, robust, and efficient. We finally show that this approach is ready for practical applications.