Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Fragile image watermarking using a gradient image for improved localization and security
Pattern Recognition Letters
Dual watermark for image tamper detection and recovery
Pattern Recognition
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Self-embedding watermark with flexible restoration quality
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Fragile Watermarking With Error-Free Restoration Capability
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Secret and public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hierarchical watermarking for secure image authentication with localization
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A multipurpose audio aggregation watermarking based on multistage vector quantization
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this paper, we present a new fragile watermarking method aimed at providing improved tampering localisation and self-recovery capabilities. First, a secure block-wise mechanism, resilient to cropping, is used to localise distorted blocks of pixels. Subsequently, the tampering localisation accuracy is refined by means of an iterative pixel-wise mechanism, which estimates the original watermarked pixels in altered regions. Extensive tests, using a large data-set, are presented to show to what extent the size of the tampered area influences the performance of our method. Moreover, results show that the proposed scheme compares favourably with a method presented in recent literature, in terms of tampering localisation and self-recovery performance. In fact, we show that our method is capable of partially reconstructing a cover image when 5% of its total number of pixels has been cropped.