Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computing Accurate Correspondences across Groups of Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Dynamic Facial Expression Analysis and Synthesis With MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The automatic analysis and classification of facial expressions is a challenging problem. It has been an active area of research for many years, with a range of applications, including affective computing, human computer interaction and lipreading. Although it is possible to capture an expression using still images, videos are more widely used in facial dynamics analysis [Zhang et al. 2008] with the advantage that the onset, peak and offset duration of the expression can be captured and used. The facial action coding system (FACS) is most commonly used for analysing facial behaviour. It segments face into action units (AUs) and relates them to the contraction of a specific or set of facial muscles. To automatically assign AUs, such system requires facial feature extraction.