Yahoo! as an ontology: using Yahoo! categories to describe documents
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Hierarchical classification of Web content
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Exploiting Hierarchy in Text Categorization
Information Retrieval
Hierarchical Text Categorization Using Neural Networks
Information Retrieval
Feature selection on hierarchy of web documents
Decision Support Systems - Web retrieval and mining
Hierarchically Classifying Documents Using Very Few Words
ICML '97 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Improving Text Classification by Shrinkage in a Hierarchy of Classes
ICML '98 Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Hierarchical Text Classification and Evaluation
ICDM '01 Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
Building Hierarchical Classifiers Using Class Proximity
VLDB '99 Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Experiment with a hierarchical text categorization method on the WIPO-alpha patent collection
ISUMA '03 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Uncertainty Modelling and Analysis
SMI '04 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2004
Large margin hierarchical classification
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Blocking Reduction Strategies in Hierarchical Text Classification
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Hierarchical document categorization with support vector machines
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Automatically learning document taxonomies for hierarchical classification
WWW '05 Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Large Margin Methods for Structured and Interdependent Output Variables
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Support vector machines classification with a very large-scale taxonomy
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter - Natural language processing and text mining
Learning hierarchical multi-category text classification models
ICML '05 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning
Hierarchical Shape Classification Using Bayesian Aggregation
SMI '06 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications 2006
Hierarchical classification: combining Bayes with SVM
ICML '06 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning
Hierarchical multi-label prediction of gene function
Bioinformatics
Classifying web documents in a hierarchy of categories: a comprehensive study
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Incremental Algorithms for Hierarchical Classification
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Kernel-Based Learning of Hierarchical Multilabel Classification Models
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Automatic genre classification of musical signals
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Hierarchical document classification using automatically generated hierarchy
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Enhanced hierarchical classification via isotonic smoothing
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
Boosting multi-label hierarchical text categorization
Information Retrieval
Deep classification in large-scale text hierarchies
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Cross-Validation Optimization for Large Scale Structured Classification Kernel Methods
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Decision trees for hierarchical multi-label classification
Machine Learning
Multi-label Hierarchical Classification of Protein Functions with Artificial Immune Systems
BSB '08 Proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian symposium on Bioinformatics: Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Top-Down Hierarchical Ensembles of Classifiers for Predicting G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Functions
BSB '08 Proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian symposium on Bioinformatics: Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications - Special Issue on Evolutionary and Metaheuristics based Data Mining (EMBDM); Guest Editors: José A. Gámez, María J. del Jesús, José M. Puerta
Training a hierarchical classifier using inter document relationships
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Hierarchical Text Categorization in a Transductive Setting
ICDMW '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops
A Hierarchical Classification Ant Colony Algorithm for Predicting Gene Ontology Terms
EvoBIO '09 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics
A systematic analysis of performance measures for classification tasks
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Refined experts: improving classification in large taxonomies
Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
True Path Rule Hierarchical Ensembles
MCS '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Exploiting known taxonomies in learning overlapping concepts
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Hierarchical multi-class text categorization with global margin maximization
ACLShort '09 Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers
A Global-Model Naive Bayes Approach to the Hierarchical Prediction of Protein Functions
ICDM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics
Comparing several approaches for hierarchical classification of proteins with decision trees
BSB'07 Proceedings of the 2nd Brazilian conference on Advances in bioinformatics and computational biology
Improving the performance of hierarchical classification with swarm intelligence
EvoBIO'08 Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Evolutionary computation, machine learning and data mining in bioinformatics
Decision trees for hierarchical multilabel classification: a case study in functional genomics
PKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Principle and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases
MUSCLE: music classification engine with user feedback
EDBT'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Advances in Database Technology
An online algorithm for hierarchical phoneme classification
MLMI'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Learning classifiers using hierarchically structured class taxonomies
SARA'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation
Efficient classification of images with taxonomies
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Learning and evaluation in the presence of class hierarchies: application to text categorization
AI'06 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence
ICPR'10 Proceedings of the 20th International conference on Recognizing patterns in signals, speech, images, and videos
Hierarchical annotation of medical images
Pattern Recognition
Hierarchical multilabel protein function prediction using local neural networks
BSB'11 Proceedings of the 6th Brazilian conference on Advances in bioinformatics and computational biology
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part I
A comparative study of thresholding strategies in progressive filtering
AI*IA'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Artificial intelligence around man and beyond
Predicting structured outputs k-nearest neighbours method
DS'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Discovery science
Minimal design of error-correcting output codes
Pattern Recognition Letters
An evaluation of classification models for question topic categorization
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
A genetic algorithm for Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Ensemble of binary learners for reliable text categorization with a reject option
HAIS'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems - Volume Part I
A new search engine integrating hierarchical browsing and keyword search
IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
Active learning for hierarchical text classification
PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
Exploiting label dependency for hierarchical multi-label classification
PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
Hierarchical classification of web documents by stratified discriminant analysis
IRFC'12 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Multidisciplinary Information Retrieval
Answering opinion questions on products by exploiting hierarchical organization of consumer reviews
EMNLP-CoNLL '12 Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning
Large-scale item categorization for e-commerce
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Tree ensembles for predicting structured outputs
Pattern Recognition
Data Field for Hierarchical Clustering
International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining
ACO-Based bayesian network ensembles for the hierarchical classification of ageing-related proteins
EvoBIO'13 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics
Learning to rank from structures in hierarchical text classification
ECIR'13 Proceedings of the 35th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval
Identification of plants from multiple images and botanical IdKeys
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on International conference on multimedia retrieval
Underwater live fish recognition using a balance-guaranteed optimized tree
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Semantic contextual advertising based on the open directory project
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
Hierarchical multi-label classification using local neural networks
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Research on adaptive classification algorithm based on non-segment and classified-centre-vector
International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Research on classification algorithm and its application in cased-based reasoning
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Utilizing global and path information with language modelling for hierarchical text classification
Journal of Information Science
Intelligent Data Analysis
A semantic image classifier based on hierarchical fuzzy association rule mining
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this survey we discuss the task of hierarchical classification. The literature about this field is scattered across very different application domains and for that reason research in one domain is often done unaware of methods developed in other domains. We define what is the task of hierarchical classification and discuss why some related tasks should not be considered hierarchical classification. We also present a new perspective about some existing hierarchical classification approaches, and based on that perspective we propose a new unifying framework to classify the existing approaches. We also present a review of empirical comparisons of the existing methods reported in the literature as well as a conceptual comparison of those methods at a high level of abstraction, discussing their advantages and disadvantages.