The Montgomery Inverse and Its Applications
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Software Implementation of the NIST Elliptic Curves Over Prime Fields
CT-RSA 2001 Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Topics in Cryptology: The Cryptographer's Track at RSA
Improved Elliptic Curve Multiplication Methods Resistant against Side Channel Attacks
INDOCRYPT '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cryptology: Progress in Cryptology
PKC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography: Public Key Cryptography
Resistance against Differential Power Analysis for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems
CHES '99 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Montgomery Exponentiation with no Final Subtractions: Improved Results
CHES '00 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
A Practical Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems over GF(p) on a 16-bit Microcomputer
PKC '98 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography: Public Key Cryptography
Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Elliptic-Curve-Based Security Processor for RFID
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Reverse-engineering a cryptographic RFID tag
SS'08 Proceedings of the 17th conference on Security symposium
Efficient architectures for elliptic curve cryptography processors for RFID
ICCD'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Computer design
An ECDSA pocessor for RFID athentication
RFIDSec'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Radio frequency identification: security and privacy issues
A cryptographic processor for low-resource devices: canning ECDSA and AES like sardines
WISTP'11 Proceedings of the 5th IFIP WG 11.2 international conference on Information security theory and practice: security and privacy of mobile devices in wireless communication
Evaluating 16-bit processors for elliptic curve cryptography
CARDIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
A hardware processor supporting elliptic curve cryptography for less than 9 kGEs
CARDIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
Exploring the design space of prime field vs. binary field ECC-Hardware implementations
NordSec'11 Proceedings of the 16th Nordic conference on Information Security Technology for Applications
An 8-bit AVR-Based Elliptic Curve Cryptographic RISC Processor for the Internet of Things
MICROW '12 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture Workshops
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Hardware implementations for contactless devices like NFC or RFID tags face fierce constraints concerning the chip area and the power consumption. In this work, we present the low-resource hardware implementation of a 16-bit microprocessor that is able to efficiently perform Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The highly optimized design features the calculation of the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) using the standardized NIST curve in the finite field Fp192. We carefully selected the underlying algorithms to minimize the required memory resources while also keeping the required runtime within reasonable limits. In total, the microprocessor requires a chip area of 11686 gate equivalents and performs the ECDSA within 1377k clock cycles, which is to our knowledge the smallest implementation of ECDSA using the NIST P-192 curve published so far.