The Accuracy of the Clock Synchronization Achieved by TEMPO in Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Building real-time groupware with GroupKit, a groupware toolkit
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Linguistic support for the evolutionary design of software architectures
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Software engineering
Easily adding animations to interfaces using constraints
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Lucid, a nonprocedural language with iteration
Communications of the ACM
Generic and Composable Latecomer Accomodation Service for Centralized Shared Systems
Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/TC13 WG2.7/WG13.4 Seventh Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction
The many faces of publish/subscribe
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Accuracy in dead-reckoning based distributed multi-player games
Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
Literature review of spatio-temporal database models
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Algorithms and Networking for Computer
Algorithms and Networking for Computer
Improving network efficiency in real-time groupware with general message compression
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Toward Quality-Centered Design of Groupware Architectures
Engineering Interactive Systems
Lazy scheduling of processing and transmission tasks in collaborative systems
Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work
GT/SD: performance and simplicity in a groupware toolkit
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Fiia: user-centered development of adaptive groupware systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Gone but not forgotten: designing for disconnection in synchronous groupware
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Local-lag and timewarp: providing consistency for replicated continuous applications
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Towards self-optimizing collaborative systems
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Assessing lag perception in electronic sketching
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
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The presence of network latency leads to usability problems in distributed groupware applications. Example problems include difficulty synchronizing tightly-coupled collaboration, jarring changes in the user interface following the repair of conflicting operations, and confusion when participants discuss state that appears differently to each of them. Techniques exist that can help mitigate the effects of latency, both in the user interface and the groupware application. However, as these techniques necessitate the manipulation of state over time, the effort required to implement them can be significant. In this paper, we present timelines, a programming model allowing the explicit treatment of time in groupware applications. The model has been implemented as part of the Janus toolkit.