The landmark hierarchy: a new hierarchy for routing in very large networks
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks
DIALM '99 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Compact routing with minimum stretch
Journal of Algorithms
Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
System architecture directions for networked sensors
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
STOC '01 Proceedings of the thirty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Asymptotically optimal geometric mobile ad-hoc routing
DIALM '02 Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Geometric ad-hoc routing: of theory and practice
Proceedings of the twenty-second annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Geographic routing without location information
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Link-level measurements from an 802.11b mesh network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
On the pitfalls of geographic face routing
DIALM-POMC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing
Path Vector Face Routing: Geographic Routing with Local Face Information
ICNP '05 Proceedings of the 13TH IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Virtual ring routing: network routing inspired by DHTs
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
On delivery guarantees of face and combined greedy-face routing in ad hoc and sensor networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geographic routing made practical
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Beacon vector routing: scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Geographic routing without planarization
NSDI'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 3
Energy efficient and QoS aware routing protocol for Clustered Wireless Sensor Network
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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Routing protocols for large wireless networks must address the challenges of reliable packet delivery at increasingly large scales and with highly limited resources. Attempts to reduce routing state can result in undesirable worst-case routing performance, as measured by stretch, which is the ratio of the hop count of the selected path to that of the optimal path. We present a new routing protocol, Small State and Small Stretch (S4), which jointly minimizes the state and stretch. S4 uses a combination of beacon distance-vector-based global routing state and scoped distance-vector-based local routing state to achieve a worst-case stretch of 3 using O(√N routing state per node in an N-node network. Its average routing stretch is close to 1. S4 further incorporates local failure recovery to achieve resilience to dynamic topology changes. We use multiple simulation environments to assess performance claims at scale and use experiments in a 42-node wireless sensor network testbed to evaluate performance under realistic RF and failure dynamics. The results show that S4 achieves scalability, efficiency, and resilience in a wide range of scenarios.