A computational architecture for conversation
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
The Architecture of Why2-Atlas: A Coach for Qualitative Physics Essay Writing
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Comparing the utility of state features in spoken dialogue using reinforcement learning
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
Partially observable Markov decision processes for spoken dialog systems
Computer Speech and Language
Responding to Student Uncertainty During Computer Tutoring: An Experimental Evaluation
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Simulating the behaviour of older versus younger users when interacting with spoken dialogue systems
HLT-Short '08 Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies: Short Papers
ITSPOKE: an intelligent tutoring spoken dialogue system
HLT-NAACL--Demonstrations '04 Demonstration Papers at HLT-NAACL 2004
Comparing user simulation models for dialog strategy learning
NAACL-Short '07 Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Companion Volume, Short Papers
Agenda-based user simulation for bootstrapping a POMDP dialogue system
NAACL-Short '07 Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Companion Volume, Short Papers
Optimizing dialogue management with reinforcement learning: experiments with the NJFun system
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Applications of discourse structure for spoken dialogue systems
Applications of discourse structure for spoken dialogue systems
Setting up user action probabilities in user simulations for dialog system development
ACL '09 Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 2 - Volume 2
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Recent studies show that user simulations can be used to generate training corpora for learning dialogue strategies automatically. However, it is unclear what type of simulation is most suitable in a particular task setting. We observe that a simulation which generates random behaviors in a restricted way outperforms simulations that mimic human user behaviors in a statistical way. Our finding suggests that we do not always need to construct a realistic user simulation. Since constructing realistic user simulations is not a trivial task, we can save engineering cost by wisely choosing simulation models that are appropriate for our task.