Query by humming: musical information retrieval in an audio database
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia
Algorithmic composition as a model of creativity
Organised Sound
EyeMusic: making music with the eyes
NIME '04 Proceedings of the 2004 conference on New interfaces for musical expression
Sonification of facial actions for musical expression
NIME '05 Proceedings of the 2005 conference on New interfaces for musical expression
Non-speech input and speech recognition for real-time control of computer games
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
The vocal joystick: a voice-based human-computer interface for individuals with motor impairments
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Multimedia Tools and Applications
MySong: automatic accompaniment generation for vocal melodies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pitch in non-verbal vocal input
ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing
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Most people can whistle, sing or hum a song that they are familiar with. However, it is rather difficult for common people without formal music skills or training to compose a song. In this paper, we have constructed an interactive Whistle-to-Music composing system with which a user can compose MIDI format music by whistling into a microphone. The user can experiment with computer-aided composition such as melodic variation and chords generation. The transcription speed is so fast that MIDI notes can be echoed as feedback immediately while the user is still whistling. For computer-aided composition, the given melodic fragments are developed and accompanied with stylish chords generation. We then study users' experiences and present the results of an experiment which tests how accurately people whistle along a target melody. This preliminary prototype of the proposed system is proved to be a handy tool for computer-aided MIDI music creation.