Multiprocessor Online Scheduling of Hard-Real-Time Tasks
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
New Strategies for Assigning Real-Time Tasks to Multiprocessor Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An Improved Rate-Monotonic Admission Control and Its Applications
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Fast scheduling of periodic tasks on multiple resources
IPPS '95 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Parallel Processing
Pfair scheduling: beyond periodic task systems
RTCSA '00 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Systems and Applications
Pfair Scheduling of Fixed and Migrating Periodic Tasks on Multiple Resources
RTSS '99 Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Mixed Pfair/ERfair Scheduling of Asynchronous Periodic Tasks
ECRTS '01 Proceedings of the 13th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Minimum and Maximum Utilization Bounds for Multiprocessor RM Scheduling
ECRTS '01 Proceedings of the 13th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Priority-Driven Scheduling of Periodic Task Systems on Multiprocessors
Real-Time Systems
Static-Priority Scheduling on Multiprocessors
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Guaranteeing Pfair Supertasks by Reweighting
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Multiprocessor EDF and Deadline Monotonic Schedulability Analysis
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Multiple-Resource Periodic Scheduling Problem: how much fairness is necessary?
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Tardiness Bounds under Global EDF Scheduling on a Multiprocessor
RTSS '05 Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Multiprocessor Scheduling with Few Preemptions
RTCSA '06 Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
An Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprocessors
RTSS '06 Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
A Hybrid Real-Time Scheduling Approach for Large-Scale Multicore Platforms
ECRTS '07 Proceedings of the 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Analysis of dynamic voltage/frequency scaling in chip-multiprocessors
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-Time Scheduling with Task Splitting on Multiprocessors
RTCSA '07 Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Techniques for Multiprocessor Global Schedulability Analysis
RTSS '07 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Schedulability analysis of global EDF
Real-Time Systems
Power Management for Real-Time Embedded Systems on Block-Partitioned Multicore Platforms
ICESS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems
Hierarchical Scheduling Framework for Virtual Clustering of Multiprocessors
ECRTS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Work-Conserving Optimal Real-Time Scheduling on Multiprocessors
ECRTS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Portioned EDF-based scheduling on multiprocessors
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Scheduling Arbitrary-Deadline Sporadic Task Systems on Multiprocessors
RTSS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Real-Time Systems Symposium
Semi-partitioned Scheduling of Sporadic Task Systems on Multiprocessors
ECRTS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 21st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
New Response Time Bounds for Fixed Priority Multiprocessor Scheduling
RTSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
RTSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Preemption-Light Multiprocessor Scheduling of Sporadic Tasks with High Utilisation Bound
RTSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
T-L plane-based real-time scheduling for homogeneous multiprocessors
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Fixed-Priority Multiprocessor Scheduling with Liu and Layland's Utilization Bound
RTAS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
DP-FAIR: A Simple Model for Understanding Optimal Multiprocessor Scheduling
ECRTS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 22nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Worst-case utilization bound for EDF scheduling on real-time multiprocessor systems
Euromicro-RTS'00 Proceedings of the 12th Euromicro conference on Real-time systems
Euromicro-RTS'00 Proceedings of the 12th Euromicro conference on Real-time systems
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Cluster scheduling, where processors are grouped into clusters and the tasks that are allocated to one cluster are scheduled by a global scheduler, has attracted attention in multiprocessor real-time systems research recently. In this paper, assuming that an optimal global scheduler is adopted within each cluster, we investigate the worst-case utilization bounds for cluster scheduling with different task allocation/partitioning heuristics. First, we develop a lower limit on the utilization bounds for cluster scheduling with any reasonable task allocation scheme. Then, the lower limit is shown to be the exact utilization bound for cluster scheduling with the worst-fit task allocation scheme. For other task allocation heuristics (such as first-fit, best-fit, first-fit decreasing, best-fit decreasing and worst-fit decreasing), higher utilization bounds are derived for systems with both homogeneous clusters (where each cluster has the same number of processors) and heterogeneous clusters (where clusters have different number of processors). In addition, focusing on an efficient optimal global scheduler, namely the boundary-fair (Bfair) algorithm, we propose a period-aware task allocation heuristic with the goal of reducing the scheduling overhead (e.g., the number of scheduling points, context switches and task migrations). Simulation results indicate that the percentage of task sets that can be scheduled is significantly improved under cluster scheduling even for small-size clusters, compared to that of the partitioned scheduling. Moreover, when comparing to the simple generic task allocation scheme (e.g., first-fit), the proposed period-aware task allocation heuristic markedly reduces the scheduling overhead of cluster scheduling with the Bfair scheduler.