The Nature of Landmarks for Real and Electronic Spaces
COSIT '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Pedestrian navigation aids: information requirements and design implications
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Learning and Identifying Haptic Icons under Workload
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Waypoint navigation with a vibrotactile waist belt
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Designing Large Sets of Haptic Icons with Rhythm
EuroHaptics '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios
Tactile wayfinder: a non-visual support system for wayfinding
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Field-Based Validation of a Tactile Navigation Device
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
A comparison of two wearable tactile interfaces with a complementary display in two orientations
HAID'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Haptic and audio interaction design
Guided by touch: tactile pedestrian navigation
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Mobile location-based service
Flytalk: social media to meet the needs of air travelers
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The design of a segway AR-Tactile navigation system
Pervasive'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Pervasive Computing
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Wearable tactile navigation displays may provide an alternative or complement to mobile visual navigation displays. Landmark information may provide a useful complement to directional information for navigation, however, there has been no reported use of landmark information in tactile navigation displays. We report a study that compared two tactile display techniques for landmark representation using one or two actuators respectively. The single-actuator technique generated different vibration patterns on a single actuator to represent different landmarks. The dual-actuator technique generated a single vibration pattern using two simultaneous actuators and different pairs of actuators around the body represented different landmarks. We compared the two techniques on four measures: distinguishability, learnability, short term memorability and user preference. Results showed that users performed equally well when either technique was used to represent landmarks alone. However, when landmark representations were presented together with directional signals, performance with the single-actuator technique was significantly reduced while performance with the dual-actuator technique remained unchanged.