The design of electronic map displays
Human Factors
Wearable interfaces for orientation and wayfinding
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A Shoulder Pad Insert Vibrotactile Display
ISWC '03 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Waypoint navigation with a vibrotactile waist belt
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Emerging technologies
CabBoots: shoes with integrated guidance system
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Pedestrian Navigation Systems: a Case Study of Deep Personalization
SEPCASE '07 Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Pervasive Computing Applications, Systems, and Environments
Tactile wayfinder: a non-visual support system for wayfinding
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
A comparative study of tactile representation techniques for landmarks on a wearable device
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PocketNavigator: studying tactile navigation systems in-situ
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tacticycle: supporting exploratory bicycle trips
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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Research has shown that two popular forms of wearable tactile displays, a back array and a waist belt, can aid pedestrian navigation by indicating direction. Each type has its proponents and each has been reported as successful in experimental trials, however, no direct experimental comparisons of the two approaches have been reported. We have therefore conducted a series of experiments directly comparing them on a range of measures. In this paper, we present results from a study in which we used a directional line drawing task to compare user performance with these two popular forms of wearable tactile display. We also investigated whether user performance was affected by a match between the plane of the tactile interface and the plane in which the users drew the perceived directions. Finally, we investigated the effect of adding a complementary visual display. The touch screen display on which participants drew the perceived directions presented either a blank display or a visual display of a map indicating eight directions from a central roundabout, corresponding to the eight directions indicated by the tactile stimuli. We found that participants performed significantly faster and more accurately with the belt than with the array whether they had a vertical screen or a horizontal screen. We found no difference in performance with the map display compared to the blank display.