Why looking isn't always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming
Communications of the ACM
Use case maps for object-oriented systems
Use case maps for object-oriented systems
Strategic directions in visual languages research
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special issue: position statements on strategic directions in computing research
The Guidelines of Modeling - An Approach to Enhance the Quality in Information Models
ER '98 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
Information Systems Research
Towards Modeling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering
RE '97 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering
Supporting systems analysis and design through fisheye views
Communications of the ACM - End-user development: tools that empower users to create their own software solutions
Process models representing knowledge for action: a revised quality framework
European Journal of Information Systems - Special issue: Action in language, organisations and information systems
A cognitive model for understanding graphical perception
Human-Computer Interaction
The untrained eye: how languages for software specification support understanding in untrained users
Human-Computer Interaction
Seven process modeling guidelines (7PMG)
Information and Software Technology
Theory development in visual language research: Beyond the cognitive dimensions of notations
VLHCC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Visual syntax does matter: improving the cognitive effectiveness of the i* visual notation
Requirements Engineering - RE'09 Special Issue; Guest Editor:Kevin T Ryan
Analysing the cognitive effectiveness of the BPMN 2.0 visual notation
SLE'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Software language engineering
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The Use Case Map (UCM) notation is a scenario modelling language part of ITU-T's User Requirements Notation and intended for the elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation of requirements. Like many visual modelling languages, the concrete graphical syntax of the UCM notation has not been designed taking cognitive effectiveness formally into consideration. This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the UCM notation through an evaluation against a set of evidencebased principles for visual notation design. Several common weaknesses are identified and some improvements suggested. A broader goal of the paper is to raise the awareness of the modelling, language design, and standardization communities about the need for such evaluations and the maturity of the techniques to perform them.