Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Preprocessing and Volume Rendering of 3D Ultrasonic Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Adaptive Design of a Global Opacity Transfer Function for Direct Volume Rendering of Ultrasound Data
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Exploded Views for Volume Data
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Blood Flow in Its Context: Combining 3D B-Mode and Color Doppler Ultrasonic Data
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Automatic Hepatic Vessel Segmentation Using Graphics Hardware
MIAR '08 Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Metrics for functional and aesthetic label layouts
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
Illustrated ultrasound for multimodal data interpretation of liver examinations
EG VCBM'08 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Visual Computing for Biomedicine
Feature emphasis and contextual cutaways for multimodal medical visualization
EUROVIS'07 Proceedings of the 9th Joint Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Visualization
A multidirectional occlusion shading model for direct volume rendering
EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
HeartPad: real-time visual guidance for cardiac ultrasound
Proceedings of the Workshop at SIGGRAPH Asia
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Couinaud segmentation is a widely used liver partitioning scheme for describing the spatial relation between diagnostically relevant anatomical and pathological features in the liver. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for effectively conveying these spatial relations during the ultrasound examinations. We visualize the two-dimensional ultrasound slice in the context of a three-dimensional Couinaud partitioning of the liver. The partitioning is described by planes in 3D reflecting the vascular tree anatomy, specified in the patient by the examiner using her natural interaction tool, i.e., the ultrasound transducer with positional tracking. A pre-defined generic liver model is adapted to the specified partitioning in order to provide a representation of the patient's liver parenchyma. The specified Couinaud partitioning and parenchyma model approximation is then used to enhance the examination by providing visual aids to convey the relationships between the placement of the ultrasound plane and the partitioned liver. The 2D ultrasound slice is augmented with Couinaud partitioning intersection information and dynamic label placement. A linked 3D view shows the ultrasound slice, cutting the liver and displayed using fast exploded view rendering. The described visual augmentation has been characterized by the clinical personnel as very supportive during the examination procedure, and also as a good basis for pre-operative case discussions.