The El'brus-3 and MARS-M: recent advances in Russian high-performance computing
The Journal of Supercomputing
Simultaneous multithreading: maximizing on-chip parallelism
ISCA '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A survey of processors with explicit multithreading
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
SPEComp: A New Benchmark Suite for Measuring Parallel Computer Performance
WOMPAT '01 Proceedings of the International Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools: OpenMP Shared Memory Parallel Programming
Understanding the energy efficiency of simultaneous multithreading
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
SPEC CPU2006 benchmark descriptions
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Scalability Analysis of the SPEC OpenMP Benchmarks on Large-Scale Shared Memory Multiprocessors
ICCS '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II
Memory Performance and Cache Coherency Effects on an Intel Nehalem Multiprocessor System
PACT '09 Proceedings of the 2009 18th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Early performance evaluation of a "Nehalem" cluster using scientific and engineering applications
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
Comparing cache architectures and coherency protocols on x86-64 multicore SMP systems
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
GREENCOMP '10 Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Computing
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In recent years, power consumption has become one of the most important design criteria for microprocessors. CPUs are therefore no longer developed with a narrow focus on raw compute performance. This means that well-established processor features that have proven to increase compute performance now need to be re-evaluated with a new focus on energy efficiency. This paper presents an energy efficiency evaluation of the symmetric multithreading (SMT) feature on state-of-the-art x86_64 processors. We use a mature power measurement methodology to analyze highly sophisticated low-level microbenchmarks as well as a diverse set of application benchmarks. Our results show that--depending on the workload--SMT can be at the same time advantageous in terms of performance and disadvantageous in terms of energy efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrate how the SMT efficiency has advanced between two processor generations.