Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems
Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems
Energy Consumption Issues on Mobile Network Systems
SAINT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet
WiMAX: Technology for Broadband Wireless Access
WiMAX: Technology for Broadband Wireless Access
Field measurements and performance analysis of an 802.16 system in a suburban environment
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Comparison of the link budget with experimental performance of a WiMAX system
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
An empirically based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environments
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Femtocell based green power consumption methods for mobile network
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Energy efficiency of femtocell deployment in combined wireless/optical access networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A novel energy-saving management mechanism in cellular networks
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Network and Service Management
Energy-efficiency analyses of heterogeneous macro and micro base station sites
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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The power consumption of wireless access networks will become an important issue in the coming years. In this paper, the power consumption of base stations for mobile WiMAX, fixed WiMAX, UMTS, HSPA, and LTE is modelled and related to the coverage. A new metric, the power consumption per covered area PC"a"r"e"a, is introduced, to compare the energy efficiency of the considered technologies for a range of bit rates. Assuming the model parameters are correct, the conclusions are then as follows. For a 5MHz channel, UMTS is the most energy-efficient technology until a bit rate of 2.8Mbps, LTE between 2.8Mbps and 8.2Mbps, fixed WiMAX between 8.2Mbps and 13.8Mbps and finally mobile WiMAX for bit rates higher than 13.8Mbps. Furthermore, the influence of MIMO is investigated. For a 2x2 MIMO system, PC"a"r"e"a decreases by 36% for mobile WiMAX and by 23% for HSPA and LTE compared to the SISO system, resulting in a higher energy efficiency. The power consumption model for base stations is used in the deployment tool GRAND (Green Radio Access Network Design) for green wireless access networks. GRAND uses a genetic based algorithm and is applied on an actual case for the Brussels Capital Region, showing the possibilities of energy-efficient planning.