Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hierarchical Model for Real Time Simulation of Virtual Human Crowds
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Psychological model for animating crowded pedestrians: Virtual Humans and Social Agents
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2005
Egocentric affordance fields in pedestrian steering
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Independent navigation of multiple mobile robots with hybrid reciprocal velocity obstacles
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
A synthetic-vision based steering approach for crowd simulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Spatial-temporal patterns and pedestrian simulation
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA' 2010 Special Issue
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We present a pattern-based approach for simulating the steering behaviour of pedestrians, which aims to imitate the way that real pedestrians perceive spatial-temporal information and make steering decisions in daily-life situations. Novel representations of spatial-temporal patterns are proposed that allow modellers to intuitively and naturally specify some prototypical patterns for various steering behaviours. Based on the spatial-temporal patterns, a hierarchical pattern matching process has been developed, which simulates how pedestrians process spatial temporal information and make steering decisions. Experimental results show that this new approach is quite promising and capable of producing human-like steering. We hope that the idea presented in this paper can direct researchers in this area with a fresh perspective.