Toward five-dimensional scaling: how density improves efficiency in future computers
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Distributed optimal dynamic base station positioning in wireless sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Smart scheduling for saving energy in grid computing
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Towards efficient supercomputing: searching for the right efficiency metric
ICPE '12 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
Potentia est scientia: security and privacy implications of energy-proportional computing
HotSec'12 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Security
Wirelessly powered bistable display tags
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing
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The electrical efficiency of computation has doubled roughly every year and a half for more than six decades, a pace of change comparable to that for computer performance and electrical efficiency in the microprocessor era. These efficiency improvements enabled the creation of laptops, smart phones, wireless sensors, and other mobile computing devices, with many more such innovations yet to come. The Web Extra appendix outlines the data and methods used in this study.