Computers and Classroom Culture
Computers and Classroom Culture
Off-task behavior in the cognitive tutor classroom: when students "game the system"
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predicting student emotions in computer-human tutoring dialogues
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
ICLS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 1
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
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We present an analysis of the affect that precedes, follows, and cooccurs with students' choices to go off-task or engage in on-task conversation within two versions of a virtual laboratory for chemistry. This analysis is conducted using field observation data collected within undergraduate classes using the virtual laboratory software as part of their regular chemistry classes. We find that off-task behavior co-occurs with boredom, but appears to relieve boredom, leading to significantly lower probability of later boredom. We also find that on-task conversation leads to greater future probability of engaged concentration. These results help to clarify the role that behavior outside of educational software plays in students' affect during use of that software.