ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Active Image Labeling and Its Application to Facial Action Labeling
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part II
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and analysis of facial actions. Success of this effort depends in part on access to reliably coded corpora; however, manual FACS coding remains expensive and slow. This paper proposes Fast-FACS, a computer vision aided system that improves speed and reliability of FACS coding. Three are the main novelties of the system: (1) to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to predict onsets and offsets from peaks, (2) use Active Appearance Models for computer assisted FACS coding, (3) learn an optimal metric to predict onsets and offsets from peaks. The system was tested in the RU-FACS database, which consists of natural facial behavior during a twoperson interview. Fast-FACS reduced manual coding time by nearly 50% and demonstrated strong concurrent validity with manual FACS coding.