Supporting Trust in Virtual Communities
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 6 - Volume 6
The human infrastructure of cyberinfrastructure
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Online forums supporting grassroots participation in emergency preparedness and response
Communications of the ACM - Emergency response information systems: emerging trends and technologies
Citizen communications in crisis: anticipating a future of ICT-supported public participation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Connected Giving: Ordinary People Coordinating Disaster Relief on the Internet
HICSS '07 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Resilience in collaboration: technology as a resource for new patterns of action
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Making infrastructure visible for nomadic work
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Creating a context of trust with ICTs: restoring a sense of normalcy in the environment
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
"Voluntweeters": self-organizing by digital volunteers in times of crisis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Crystallizations in the blizzard: contrasting informal emergency collaboration in Facebook groups
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
E-government intermediaries and the challenges of access and trust
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Supporting Scientific Collaboration: Methods, Tools and Concepts
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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When societies experience disruption as caused by natural disasters, various official government agencies, relief organizations, and emergent citizen groups engage in activities that aid in the recovery effort—the process that leads to the resumption of normal life. In war environments however, societal trust can be affected and people may develop distrust of the institutions and associated individuals that provide and resolve breakdowns in infrastructure. This article reports on an ethnographic study of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by citizens experiencing ongoing disruption in a conflict zone. We conducted 90 semistructured interviews with Iraqi civilians who experienced the 2nd Gulf War beginning in March 2003. We show how citizens used ICTs to continuously resolve breakdowns in infrastructure during ongoing disruption caused by the conflict, by creating new, reliable technology-mediated social arrangements that enabled people to maintain daily routines for travel, education, and obtaining information. We then discuss new ways to think about infrastructure and implications for the disaster relief effort.