Tracking and data association
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Model of Saliency-Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Signal Processing Handbook
Digital Signal Processing Handbook
A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Feature Selection via Concave Minimization and Support Vector Machines
ICML '98 Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real Time Face and Object Tracking as a Component of a Perceptual User Interface
WACV '98 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)
Analysis of emotion recognition using facial expressions, speech and multimodal information
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Real-Time Inference of Complex Mental States from Facial Expressions and Head Gestures
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 10 - Volume 10
Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust feature detection for facial expression recognition
Journal on Image and Video Processing
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognising facial expressions in video sequences
Pattern Analysis & Applications
Emotion Recognition through Multiple Modalities: Face, Body Gesture, Speech
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
PittPatt face detection and tracking for the CLEAR 2006 evaluation
CLEAR'06 Proceedings of the 1st international evaluation conference on Classification of events, activities and relationships
Recognizing facial expression using particle filter based feature points tracker
PReMI'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Pattern recognition and machine intelligence
Automatic facial expression recognition using facial animation parameters and multistream HMMs
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Recognition of facial expressions and measurement of levels of interest from video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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The role of context in recognizing a person's affect is being increasingly studied. In particular, context arising from the presence of multi-modal information such as faces, speech and head pose has been used in recent studies to recognize facial expressions. In most approaches, the modalities are independently considered and the effect of one modality on the other, which we call inter-modal influence (e.g. speech or head pose modifying the facial appearance) is not modeled. In this paper, we describe a system that utilizes context from the presence of such inter-modal influences to recognize facial expressions. To do so, we use 2-D contextual masks which are activated within the facial expression recognition pipeline depending on the prevailing context. We also describe a framework called the Context Engine. The Context Engine offers a scalable mechanism for extending the current system to address additional modes of context that may arise during human-machine interactions. Results on standard data sets demonstrate the utility of modeling inter-modal contextual effects in recognizing facial expressions.