Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
The collaborative production of computer commands in command and control
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
Designing Collaborative Systems: A Practical Guide to Ethnography
Designing Collaborative Systems: A Practical Guide to Ethnography
Eyedraw: a system for drawing pictures with eye movements
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Coordinating joint activity in avatar-mediated interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Doing Virtually Nothing: Awareness and Accountability in Massively Multiplayer Online Worlds
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Eye-mouse coordination patterns on web search results pages
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An eye on input: research challenges in using the eye for computer input control
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards predicting web searcher gaze position from mouse movements
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Three sequential positions of query repair in interactions with internet search engines
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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Today's personal computers enable complex forms of user interaction. Unlike older mainframe computers that required batch processing, personal computers enable real-time user control on a one-to-one basis. Such user interaction involves mixed initiative, logic, language and pointing gestures, features reminiscent of interaction with another human. Yet there are also major differences between computer interaction and human interaction, such as computers' inability to stray from scripts or to adapt to the idiosyncrasies of particular recipients or situations. Given these similarities and differences, can we study computer interaction using methods similar to those for studying human interaction? If so, are the findings from the analysis of human interaction also useful in understanding computer interaction? In this paper, we explore these questions and outline a novel methodological approach for examining human-computer interaction, which we call "computer interaction analysis." We build on earlier approaches to human interaction with a computer and adapt them to the latest technologies for computer screen capture and eye tracking. In doing so, we propose a new transcription notation scheme that is designed to represent the interweaving streams of input actions, display events and eye movements. Finally we demonstrate the approach with concrete examples involving the phenomena of placeholding, repair and referential practices.