On Evaluating the Cumulative Performance Distribution of Fault-Tolerant Computer Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Performance and reliability analysis of computer systems: an example-based approach using the SHARPE software package
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
An analytical high-level battery model for use in energy management of portable electronic systems
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
International Workshop on Timed Petri Nets
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach
Computing Battery Lifetime Distributions
DSN '07 Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Simulation of Blind Flooding over Wireless Sensor Networks Based on a Realistic Battery Model
ICN '08 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Networking
Dependability Evaluation with Dynamic Reliability Block Diagrams and Dynamic Fault Trees
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Model-Based Techniques for Data Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
EPEW '09 Proceedings of the 6th European Performance Engineering Workshop on Computer Performance Engineering
A methodology for power consumption evaluation of wireless sensor networks
ETFA'09 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international conference on Emerging technologies & factory automation
Lifetime optimization for wireless sensor networks using the nonlinear battery current effect
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
A model for battery lifetime analysis for organizing applications on a pocket computer
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Investigating dynamic reliability and availability through state-space models
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
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Wireless sensor networks are constituted of a large number of tiny sensor nodes randomly distributed over a geographical region. In order to reduce power consumption, nodes undergo active-sleep periods that, on the other hand, limit their ability to send/receive data. The aim of this paper is to analyze the longevity of a battery-powered sensor node. A battery discharge model able to capture both linear and non linear discharge processes is presented. Then, two different models are proposed to investigate the longevity, in terms of reliability, of sensor nodes with active-sleep cycles. The first model, well known in the literature, is based on the Markov reward theory and on the evaluation of the accumulated reward distribution. The second model, based on continuous phase type distributions and Kronecker algebra, represents the main contribution of the present work, since it allows to relax some assumptions of the Markov reward model, thus increasing its applicability to more concrete use cases. In the final part of the paper, the results obtained by applying the two techniques to a case study are compared in order to validate and highlight the benefits of our approach and demonstrate the utility of the proposed model in a quite complex and real scenario.