SIGMOD '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Representation and Recognition of Handwritten Digits Using Deformable Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Classification with Nonmetric Distances: Image Retrieval and Class Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Searching in metric spaces with user-defined and approximate distances
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Comparing Images Using the Hausdorff Distance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
DynDex: a dynamic and non-metric space indexer
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Efficient Retrieval of Similar Time Sequences Under Time Warping
ICDE '98 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
On the Surprising Behavior of Distance Metrics in High Dimensional Spaces
ICDT '01 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Database Theory
Similarity Search without Tears: The OMNI Family of All-purpose Access Methods
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Data Engineering
M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces
VLDB '97 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
VLDB '98 Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
A Probabilistic Spell for the Curse of Dimensionality
ALENEX '01 Revised Papers from the Third International Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experimentation
Properties of Embedding Methods for Similarity Searching in Metric Spaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Sparse Representations for Image Decomposition with Occlusions
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
D-Index: Distance Searching Index for Metric Data Sets
Multimedia Tools and Applications
WARP: Accurate Retrieval of Shapes Using Phase of Fourier Descriptors and Time Warping Distance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fractional distance measures for content-based image retrieval
ECIR'05 Proceedings of the 27th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval Research
Nearest neighbours search using the PM-Tree
DASFAA'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
Dynamic similarity search in multi-metric spaces
MIR '06 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Learning for efficient retrieval of structured data with noisy queries
Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning
Unified framework for fast exact and approximate search in dissimilarity spaces
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Efficient online top-K retrieval with arbitrary similarity measures
EDBT '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Extending database technology: Advances in database technology
NM-Tree: Flexible Approximate Similarity Search in Metric and Non-metric Spaces
DEXA '08 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Transfer non-metric measures into metric for similarity search
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
On Fuzzy vs. Metric Similarity Search in Complex Databases
FQAS '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
On nonmetric similarity search problems in complex domains
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Revisiting techniques for lowerbounding the dynamic time warping distance
SISAP'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Similarity Search and Applications
Efficient indexing of similarity models with inequality symbolic regression
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Universal indexing of arbitrary similarity models
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
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The retrieval of objects from a multimedia database employs a measure which defines a similarity score for every pair of objects. The measure should effectively follow the nature of similarity, hence, it should not be limited by the triangular inequality, regarded as a restriction in similarity modeling. On the other hand, the retrieval should be as efficient (or fast) as possible. The measure is thus often restricted to a metric, because then the search can be handled by metric access methods (MAMs). In this paper we propose a general method of non-metric search by MAMs. We show the triangular inequality can be enforced for any semimetric (reflexive, non-negative and symmetric measure), resulting in a metric that preserves the original similarity orderings (retrieval effectiveness). We propose the TriGen algorithm for turning any black-box semimetric into (approximated) metric, just by use of distance distribution in a fraction of the database. The algorithm finds such a metric for which the retrieval efficiency is maximized, considering any MAM.