Branching programs and binary decision diagrams: theory and applications
Branching programs and binary decision diagrams: theory and applications
A faster cryptanalysis of the self-shrinking generator
ACISP '96 Proceedings of the First Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy
Improved Cryptanalysis of the Self-Shrinking Generator
ACISP '01 Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy
Analysis of the E0 Encryption System
SAC '01 Revised Papers from the 8th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
BDD-Based Cryptanalysis of Keystream Generators
EUROCRYPT '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
Real Time Cryptanalysis of A5/1 on a PC
FSE '00 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Cryptanalysis of alleged A5 stream cipher
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Algebraic attacks on stream ciphers with linear feedback
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
An improved correlation attack on a5/1
SAC'04 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
Design principles for combiners with memory
INDOCRYPT'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cryptology in India
The conditional correlation attack: a practical attack on bluetooth encryption
CRYPTO'05 Proceedings of the 25th annual international conference on Advances in Cryptology
Extended BDD-based cryptanalysis of keystream generators
SAC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Attacking Bivium using SAT solvers
SAT'08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Theory and applications of satisfiability testing
Cryptanalysis of the bluetooth E0 cipher ssing OBDD's
ISC'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information Security
New guess-and-determine attack on the self-shrinking generator
ASIACRYPT'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security
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The main application of stream ciphers is online-encryption of arbitrarily long data, for example when transmitting speech data between a Bluetooth headset and a mobile GSM phone or between the phone and a GSM base station. Many practically used and intensively discussed stream ciphers such as the E0 generator used in Bluetooth and the GSM cipher A5/1 consist of a small number of linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) that transform a secret key x∈{0,1}n into an output keystream of arbitrary length. In 2002, Krause proposed a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) based attack on this type of ciphers, which in the case of E0 is the best short-keystream attack known so far. However, BDD-attacks generally require a large amount of memory. In this paper, we show how to substantially reduce the memory consumption by divide-and-conquer strategies and present the first comprehensive experimental results for the BDD-attack on reduced versions of E0, A5/1 and the self-shrinking generator.