The design of 3D haptic widgets
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
FingARtips: gesture based direct manipulation in Augmented Reality
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Air Jet Driven Force Feedback in Virtual Reality
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An Optimal Algorithm for Determining the Visibility of a Polygon from an Edge
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Bare hand interface for interaction in the video see-through HMD based wearable AR environment
ICEC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Usability test of immersion for augmented reality based product design
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
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Providing haptic cues can generate increased levels of presence in users as they interact with tangible objects. In this paper, we present button effects delivered by air-jet displays with the aim of providing click-like sensations when virtual buttons in an AR environment are pressed. We derive the profile of the haptic output by measuring the force profile of real physical buttons. To validate our concept, we have built an AR system featuring a cellular phone model which users can tangibly manipulate through a physical AR marker object. When users press a button on the model, they experience a corresponding click-like feeling at their fingertip. In this way, our system enables users to press a button on an AR model and experience a force profile generated by our pneumatic array directly derived from the act of pushing a button in the real world.