Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Bridging the paper and electronic worlds: the paper user interface
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Ariel: augmenting paper engineering drawings
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A comparison of reading paper and on-line documents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
A diary study of work-related reading: design implications for digital reading devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Linking and messaging from real paper in the Paper PDA
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Design and evaluation of a wide-area event notification service
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
The missing link: augmenting biology laboratory notebooks
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
PointRight: experience with flexible input redirection in interactive workspaces
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
EP '98/RIDT '98 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronic Publishing, Held Jointly with the 4th International Conference on Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography
The Myth of the Paperless Office
The Myth of the Paperless Office
Switching Over to Paper: A New Web Channel
WISE '03 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering
Paper augmented digital documents
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Stitching: pen gestures that span multiple displays
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Design and analysis of delimiters for selection-action pen gesture phrases in scriboli
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ModelCraft: capturing freehand annotations and edits on physical 3D models
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Pen-top feedback for paper-based interfaces
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
PaperPoint: a paper-based presentation and interactive paper prototyping tool
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Papiercraft: A gesture-based command system for interactive paper
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Navigation techniques for dual-display e-book readers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Paperproof: a paper-digital proof-editing system
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
HOTPAPER: multimedia interaction with paper using mobile phones
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
PenLight: combining a mobile projector and a digital pen for dynamic visual overlay
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Musink: composing music through augmented drawing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Map torchlight: a mobile augmented reality camera projector unit
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CoScribe: Integrating Paper and Digital Documents for Collaborative Knowledge Work
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
Papiercraft: a paper-based interface to support interaction with digital documents
Papiercraft: a paper-based interface to support interaction with digital documents
Mobile image recognition: architectures and tradeoffs
Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DAS'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Document Analysis Systems
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To combine the affordances of paper and computers, prior research has proposed numerous interactive paper systems that link specific paper document content to digital operations such as multimedia playback and proofreading. Yet, it remains unclear to what degree these systems bridge the inherent gap between paper and computers when compared to existing paper-only and computer-only interfaces. In particular, given the special properties of paper, such as limited dynamic feedback, how well does an average new user learn to master the interactive paper system? What factors affect the user performance? And how does the paper interface work in a typical use scenario? To answer these questions, we conducted two empirical experiments on a generic pen-gesture-based command system, called PapierCraft [Liao et al. 2008], for paper-based interfaces. With it, people can select sections of printed document and issue commands such as copy and paste, linking and in-text search. The first experiment focused on the user performance of drawing pen gestures on paper. It proves that users can learn the command system in about 30 minutes and achieve a performance comparable to a table PC-based interface supporting the same gestures. The second experiment examined the application of the command system in active reading tasks. The results show promise for seamless integration of paper and computers in active reading for their combined affordances. In addition, our study identifies some key design issues, such as the pen form factor and feedback of gestures. This article contributes to better understanding on pros and cons of paper and computers, and sheds light on the design of future interfaces for document interaction.