Affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic agents with real-time multimodal affective sensing to foster meta-cognitive and meta-affective approaches to learning, motivation, and perseverance
Inferring learning and attitudes from a Bayesian Network of log file data
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Mind and Body: Dialogue and Posture for Affect Detection in Learning Environments
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Emotions and Learning with AutoTutor
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Sensors Model Student Self Concept in the Classroom
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Affective Gendered Learning Companions
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Diagnosing self-efficacy in intelligent tutoring systems: an empirical study
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Designing affective animations with children as design partners using role-playing
23rd French Speaking Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Social and caring tutors: ITS 2010 keynote addres
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Improving math learning through intelligent tutoring and basic skills training
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Gaze tutor: A gaze-reactive intelligent tutoring system
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Monitoring affect states during effortful problem solving activities
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Using an intelligent tutor and math fluency training to improve math performance
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on highlights of the decade in interactive intelligent systems
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We report the results of a randomized controlled evaluation of the effectiveness of pedagogical agents as providers of affective feedback. These digital learning companions were embedded in an intelligent tutoring system for mathematics, and were used by approximately one hundred students in two public high schools. Students in the control group did not receive the learning companions. Results indicate that low-achieving students—one third of whom have learning disabilities—had higher affective needs than their higher-achieving peers; they initially considered math problem-solving more frustrating, less exciting, and felt more anxious when solving math problems. However, after they interacted with affective pedagogical agents, low-achieving students improved their affective outcomes, e.g., reported reduced frustration and anxiety.